Microbiology

MD Microbiology Revised Guidelines

(a) Competencies:

The undergraduate learner demonstrate:

                   1. Understanding of role of microbial agents in health and disease,

                    2. Understanding of the immunological mechanisms in health and disease,

                    3. Ability to correlate the natural history, mechanisms and clinical manifestations of 

                           Infectious diseases as they relate to the properties of microbial agents,

                      4. Knowledge of the principles and application of infection control measures,

                      5. An understanding of the basis of choice of laboratory diagnostic tests and their

                         Interpretation, antimicrobial therapy, control and prevention of infectious diseases.

(b) Integration:

                       The teaching should be aligned and integrated horizontally and vertically in organ

systems with emphasis on host-microbe-environment interactions and their alterations in disease

and clinical correlations so as to provide an overall understanding of the etiological agents, their laboratory diagnosis and prevention.

General Microbiology ( overview of Bacteriology, Mycology, Parasitology, Virology)

- Medical microbiology past, present & future
• Introduction of general Bacteriology & Morphology of bacteria
• Physiology of bacteria
• Microscopy
• Introduction of virology and general virology
• Introduction of mycology, parasitology and classification of fungi and parasites
• Laboratory diagnosis of parasite & Stool examination
• Laboratory diagnosis of virus and fungus
• Collection and transport of clinical specimen
• Diagnostic Bacteriology-Culture media
• Diagnostic Bacteriology- methods
• Diagnostic Bacteriology- identification of bacteria
• Diagnostic Bacteriology- Automation & Molecular methods
• Epidemiology of common infectious diseases
• Pathogenicity & Infection
• Environmental Surveillance (air ,water, food)
• Bacterial genetics
• Drug Resistance and Antimicrobial stewardship
• Antimicrobial Susceptibility
• Human Microbial Flora

2. Immunology
• Antigen and Antibody
• Structure and function of immune system
• Complement system
• Antigen and Antibody reaction (serology )
• Immune response
• Immunity
• Immunoprophylaxis and immunomodulaters
• Hypersensitivity
• Transplant immunity and immunology in cancer
• Autoimmunity and autoimmune disorder and its diagnosis
• Immunodeficiency disorders

3. Hospital infection and sterilisation

• Sterilization and Disinfection with CSSD
• HAI-types, its risk factor, prevention of HAI
• Major healthcare-associated infection types—CAUTI, CRBSI, VAP, SSI
• Universal precaution and PPE
• Biomedical Waste Management

4. Respiratory tract infection

• Infective Syndromes of Respiratory Tract
• Bacterial Infections:-Bacterial Pharyngitis: Streptococcus pyogenes Pharyngitis, Diphtheria and
• Others, Bacterial Lobar Pneumonia: Pneumococcal Pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae
• Pneumonia and Others, Bacterial Atypical (Interstitial) Pneumonia: Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella and Others,. Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections , Pertussis (Bordetella pertussis) , Infections due to Non-fermenting Gram-negative Bacilli: Pseudomonas,
• Acinetobacter, Burkholderia and Others
• Viral Infections:- Myxovirus Infections of Respiratory Tract: Influenza, Parainfluenza, Mumps,
• Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Others,Coronavirus Infections Including COVID-19 , Miscellaneous Viral Infections of Respiratory Tract: Rhinovirus, Adenovirus and
• Infectious Mononucleosis (Epstein-Barr Virus),
• Parasitic and Fungal Agents:- Parasitic and Fungal Infections of Respiratory Tract
  • Parasitic Infections: Paragonimiasis and Others
  • Fungal Infections: Zygomycosis, Aspergillosis, Pneumocystosis and Others

5. Genitourinary & Sexually transmitted infections

• Infective Syndromes of Urinary Tract and Sexually-transmitted Infections
  • Bacterial Infections: Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus and Others
  • Viral (BK Virus), Parasitic (Schistosoma haematobium) and Fungal Infections Infective Syndromes of Genital Tract
  • Ulcerative Genital Disease: Syphilis, Lymphogranuloma Venerum, Granuloma Inguinale, Soft Chancre and Genital Herpes
  • Gonorrhea and Non-gonococcal Urethritis (Chlamydia trachomatis and Others)
  • Vulvovaginitis (Trichomoniasis, Bacterial Vaginosis, Vaginal Candidiasis)
  • Other Genital Tract Infections of Females and Males

6. Blood stream & Cardiovascular infection

• Cardiovascular System Infections: Infective Endocarditis and Acute Rheumatic Fever
• Bloodstream Infections
• Bacterial Infections:-Enteric Fever (Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi) , Rickettsial Infections ,Miscellaneous Bacterial Bloodstream Infections:Brucellosis, Leptospirosis and Borreliosis
• Viral infections:-HIV/AIDS ,Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF),Arboviral VHF (Dengue, Chikungunya and others), Filoviral VHF (Ebola and Marburg Virus), Hantaviral and Other Agents of VHF
• Parasitic Infections:-Malaria and Babesiosis ,Visceral Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis,Lymphatic Filariasis
• Fungal Infections:- Systemic Candidiasis and Systemic Mycoses

7. Skin, soft tissue & Musculoskeletal infection

• Infective Syndromes of Skin, Soft Tissue and Musculoskeletal Systems
• Bacterial Infections:- Staphylococcal Infections,Beta-hemolytic Streptococcal Infections,Gas gangrene (Clostridium perfringens) and Infections due to Nonsporing Anaerobes, Leprosy (Mycobacterium leprae) , Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections of Skin and Soft Tissues: Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis), Actinomycosis, Nocardiosis, Nonvenereal Treponematoses and Others
• Viral Infections:-Viral Exanthems and Other Cutaneous Viral Infections,H erpesviruses (Herpes Simplex, Varicella-zoster and HHV-6 and 7 Infection),,Poxviruses (Smallpox, Molluscum contagiosum), Parvovirus, Measles, Rubella,,Coxsackieviruses and Others
• Parasitic Infections:- Parasitic Infections of Skin, Soft Tissue and Musculoskeletal System Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Cysticercosis, Tissue Nematodes (Filarial Tissue Nematodes, Dracunculus medinensis, Trichinella spiralis) and Larva Migrans
• Fungal Infections:- Fungal Infections of Skin, Soft Tissue and Musculoskeletal System Superficial Fungal Infections, Subcutaneous Fungal Infections, Candidiasis (cutaneous and mucosal) and Penicillium marneffei Infection

8. Ocular and Ear infection

9. Bloodstream and Cardiovascular System Infections

• Cardiovascular System Infections: Infective Endocarditis and Acute Rheumatic Fever
• Bloodstream Infections
• Bacterial Infections:-Enteric Fever (Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi) , Rickettsial Infections ,Miscellaneous Bacterial Bloodstream Infections:Brucellosis, Leptospirosis and Borreliosis
• Viral infections:-HIV/AIDS ,Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF),Arboviral VHF (Dengue, Chikungunya and others), Filoviral VHF (Ebola and Marburg Virus), Hantaviral and Other Agents of VHF
• Parasitic Infections:-Malaria and Babesiosis ,Visceral Leishmaniasis and Trypanosomiasis,Lymphatic Filariasis
• Fungal Infections:- Systemic Candidiasis and Systemic Mycoses

10. GIT infection

• Gastrointestinal Infective Syndromes
• Bacterial Infections:- Food Poisoning: S. aureus, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium botulinum and Others,Gastrointestinal Infections due to Enterobacteriaceae : Diarrheagenic,Escherichia coli, Shigellosis, Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis and Yersiniosis, Cholera, Halophilic Vibrio and Aeromonas Infections, Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections of Gastrointestinal System: Helicobacter,,Campylobacter and Clostridioides difficile Infections
• Viral Infections:-Viral Gastroenteritis: Rotaviruses and Others
• Parasitic Infections:- Intestinal Protozoan Infections: Intestinal Amoebiasis, Giardiasis, Coccidian,Parasitic Infections, Balantidiasis, Blastocystosis, and Others,Intestinal Helminthic Infections,Intestinal Cestode Infections: Diphyllobothrium, Taenia, Hymenolepis and Others,Intestinal Trematode Infections: Fasciolopsis buski, Schistosoma mansoni,, S. japonicum and Others,Intestinal Nematode Infections: Trichuris, Enterobius, hookworm, Strongyloides,,Ascaris and Others

11. Hepatobiliary System Infections

• Infective Syndromes of Hepatobiliary System and Abdomen
• Viral Infections:-Viruses Causing Hepatitis,H epatitis Viruses, Yellow Fever and Others
• Parasitic Infections:-Parasitic Infections of Hepatobiliary System,Amoebic Liver Abscess, Hydatid Disease (Echinococcosis), Trematode Infections,(Fasciola hepatica, Clonorchis and Opisthorchis) and Others

12. AETCOM in Microbiology

13. Miscellaneous Infective Syndromes

• Ocular and Ear Infections
• Congenital Infections:-Cytomegalovirus Infections, Congenital Varicella, Neonatal Herpes, Congenital
• Rubella, Congenital Toxoplasmosis, Congenital Syphilis, Zika Virus Infections and Others
• Organisms with Oncogenic Potential:-Human Papilloma Virus, Kaposi Sarcoma, HTLV and HIV,Epstein-Barr Virus,Hepatitis B and C, and Others
• Zoonotic Infections: Plague, Tularaemia and Bite Wound Infections

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