1. Goals

• • Patient care ability

A candidate in orthopaedics surgery at the end of its 3 year course should develop proper clinical acumen to interpret diagnostic results and correlate them with symptoms. He should become capable to diagnose common clinical conditions/diseases in the speciality and to manage them effectively with success. He should be able to decide for making a referral to consultation with a more experienced colleague/professional friend while dealing with any patient with a difficult problem.

• • Patient care ability

He/she should be able to teach MBBS students about the commonly encountered conditions in orthopaedics, pertaining to their diagnostic features, basic pathophysiological aspects and the general and basic management strategies.

• • Research Ability

He/she should also acquire elementary knowledge about research methodology, including record-keeping methods, and be able to conduct a research inquiry including making a proper analysis and writing a report on its findings.

• • Team work

He/she should be capable to work as a team member. He/she should develop general humane approach to patient care with communicating ability with the patients' relatives, especially in emergency situations such as in casualty department, while dealing with cancer patients and victims of accidents. He/she should also maintain human values with ethical considerations.

1. Basic Sciences

Development of skeleton, histology of cartilage histology & histopathology of bone, physiology of fracture healing, delayed and non-union of bones, histology of skeletal muscle, collagen, physiology and mineralization of bone, physiology of cartilage, biophysical properties of bony and bone disease and related dysfunction of parathyroid glands (metabolic bone diseases).

1. Principles & Practice of Orthopaedics

Bone infections (Pyogenic, tuberculosis, syphilis, mycotic infections, salmonella & brucella osteomyelitis), congenital deformities (upper & lower extremities, spine and general defects), developmental conditions (osteogenesis imperfecta, dysplasias, hereditary multiple exostosis etc.) diseases of the joints (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, neuropathic joints, ankylosing spondylitis, sero-negative spondyloarthropathy, traumatic arthritis etc.) orthopaedic neurology, tumors of bony. Disorders of hand & their management.

1. General surgical principles & allied specialities

General surgery, oncology, and medicine as applicable to the musculo-skeletal disorders/disease. Radiology, Imaging - computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and interventional radiology and angiography as related to orthopaedics. General pathologic aspects such as wound healing and also pathology and pathogenesis of orthopaedic diseases, pharmacology, molecular biology, genetics, cytology, haematology, and immunology as applicable to orthopaedics. General principles of traumatology.

1. Plastic surgery as applicable to orthopaedics

Pediatric orthopaedics-The student should be exposed to all aspects of congenital and developmental disorders such as CTEV (club-Foot), development dysplasia of hip, congenital deficiency of limbs. Perthe's disease and infections, and also to acquire adequate knowledge about the principles of management of these disorders. Orthopaedic oncology-The resident is expected to be familiar with the tumours encountered in orthopaedic practice. The recent trends towards limb salvage procedures and the advances in chemotherapy need to be familiar to him. Management of Trauma-Trauma in this country is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in our demographic statistics. The student is expected to be duly conversant with trauma in its entirety. In any type of posting after qualification the orthopaedic surgeon would be exposed to all varieties of acute trauma. Hence, it is his responsibility to be able to recognize, assess and manage it including the medico legal aspects.

1. Orthopaedic oncology

The resident is expected to be familiar with the tumours encountered in orthopaedic practice. The recent trends towards limb salvage procedures and the advances in chemotherapy need to be familiar to him.

1. Management of Trauma

Trauma in this country is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in our demographic statistics. The student is expected to be duly conversant with trauma in its entirety. In any type of posting after qualification the orthopaedic surgeon would be exposed to all varieties of acute trauma. Hence, it is his responsibility to be able to recognize, assess and manage it including the medico legal aspects.

1. Sports Medicine

A lot of importance is being given to sports medicine especially in view of the susceptibility of the athlete to injury and his failure to tide over them. Sport medicine not only encompasses diagnostic and therapeutic aspects athletic injuries but also their prevention, training schedules of personnel and their selection.

1. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

The student is expected to be familiar with this in all its aspects. Adequate exposure in the workshop manufacturing orthotics and prosthetics is mandatory, as is the assessment of the orthopedically handicapped.

1. Orthopedic Neurology

The student should be exposed to all kinds of nerve injuries as regards their recognition & management cerebral palsy and acquired neurological conditions such as post polio residual paralysis also need to be emphasized in their entirety.

1. Spine Surgery

The student is expected to be familiar with various kinds of spinal disorders such as scoliosis, kypho-scoliosis, spinal trauma, PIVD, infections (tuberculosis and pyogenic), & tumours as regards their clinical presentations and management.

1. Radiology

Acquire knowledge about radiology/imaging and to interpret different radiological procedures and imaging in musculo-skeletal disorders. There should be collaboration with Radiology department for such activities. Psychological and social aspect - Some elementary knowledge in clinical Psychology and social, work management is to be acquired for management of patients, especially those terminally ill and disabled-persons and interacting with their relatives.

1. Semester-wise Break up of Syllabus

• • First Semester (6 months)
    • Humanity/Ethics -Lectures on humanity, personality development, team spirit, Ethical issues in patients, Doctor- patient relationship and interpersonal relationship- 3 lectures
    • Basic Sciences-Development of skeleton, Histology & Histopathology of cartilage & bone, Histology of skeletal muscle, collagen, Physiology of cartilage, Biophysical properties of bone and bone diseases and related dysfunction of parathyroid glands, Physiology of fracture healing, Delayed union & non-union of bones
    • Emergency management of the Injured patient including critical care-lectures by Anesthetist for airway maintenance & shock management , Basic splintage and transportation techniques, ATLS
    • Medical record keeping and bio-statistics
    • Preparation for thesis/ protocol
    • History taking and clinical examination of the patient
  • Second Semester
    • Common fractures/dislocations diagnosis and management including traction techniques
    • Interpretation of plain x-rays and clinico-radiological co-relation
    • Diagnosis and management of acute and chronic orthopaedic infections
  • Third Semester
    • Pediatric Orthopedics with emphasis on CTEV, CDH, Perthes disease, S.C.F.E., club hand
    • Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation: with emphasis on electro diagnosis and various physiotherapy and occupational therapy techniques
    • Orthopedic neurology including Polio, Cerebral palsy and spina-bifida
    • Interpretation of C.T., MRI, Bone Scanning- Techniques and clinico-radiological co-relation.
  • Fourth Semester
    • Orthopaedic Oncology
    • Surgical stabilizations of orthopaedic trauma
    • Peripheral nerve injuries
    • Clinical orthopaedics
    • Peripheral nerve injuries
    • Biomaterials in orthopaedics
  • Fifth Semester
    • Sports medicine and arthroscopy
    • Arthroplasty
    • Spinal disorders including scoliosis, trauma, infections, degeneration and tumours
    • Clinical orthopaedics
    • Recent advances in orthopaedics

1. Sample Cases For Presentation And Discussion

• • Long cases
    • Neglected fracture Neck of femur
    • Tubercular Hip
    • Neglected traumatic dislocation hip
    • Potts paraplegia
    • Extra dural cord compression
    • Prolapsed intervertebral disc
    • Spinal Canal stenosis
    • Cauda equina syndrome
    • Avascular Necrosis of Hip
    • Traumatic paraplegia
  • Short cases
    • Cubitus varus/ Valgus
    • Non union Humerus with or without radial nerve palsy
    • Non union lateral condyle of Humerus
    • Infected non union
    • Chronic osteomyelitis
    • Post polio flail shoulder/ paralysed elbow
    • Neglected unreduced Dislocation Elbow, Shoulder
    • Malunited Colles Fracture
    • Carpal tunnel Syndrome
    • Bone tumors like Ostesarcoma, Ewing’s Sarcoma, Giant cell tumor, Osteochondroma, Osteiod osteoma etc
    • Genu varum/ Genu Valgum
    • Ruptured Tendo Achillis
    • Erb’s palsy/ Brachial plexus injury
    • Nerve injuries-Median Nerve, Radial Nerve, Ulnar Nerve, Sciatic Nerve, Common Peroneal Nerve
    • TEV,CDH,Ganglion, Compund palmer Ganglion,CPT.
  • Spots / Table
    • Pathological Specimens-Giant cell Tumor, Osteosarcoma, Ewings Sarcoma, Sequestrum, Madura foot etc.
    • Bones
    • Instruments
    • X-Rays
    • Orthotics/ Prosthetics-Patellar tendon bearing prosthesis, Cock up Splint, Denis brown splint, Ischial weight relieving caliper, Jaipur foot etc.
    • Surgical procedures.